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The study, published in , has shown that simple AI-powered chatbot messages can trigger long-term behaviour change in tourists, encouraging them to continue living more sustainably weeks after they return home. 

Researchers tested the idea of "flashback nudging" - weekly reminders sent via chatbot that asked participants to reflect on their past environmentally friendly actions while on holiday. These nudges, delivered to Indonesian tourists who had visited eco-regulated Gili Islands, significantly boosted their use of sustainable transport at home compared to a control group. 

The findings suggest that revisiting personal memories of eco-friendly actions strengthens a person’s identity as someone who cares about the environment - ultimately influencing their future behaviour. 

Professor Iis Tussyadiah, co-author of the study and Dean of Surrey Business School at the �鶹��Ƶ, said: 

"We often assume people return from nature-focused holidays with good intentions, but those intentions quickly vanish. Our study shows that reminding people of what they’ve already done – even something as simple as cycling instead of driving - can reignite that behaviour. It’s memory, not motivation, that holds the key." 

The study, which ran over six weeks, tracked two groups: one that visited Gili Islands and received nudges reminding them of their past pro-environmental actions, and one that has never visited the islands and received only educational nudges. Participants showed a clear and growing difference in environmentally friendly transport use, with the effects becoming strongest in the final week of the study - highlighting the importance of patience in behaviour change. 

Dr Jason Chen, co-author of the study and Associate Professor in Tourism and Events Management, at the �鶹��Ƶ said: 

“What sets our research apart is its use of scalable, low-cost technology. While previous behavioural change interventions often required in-person engagement, these nudges were delivered via a conversational chatbot - making it feasible for tourism boards or governments to implement at scale.” 

The research also sheds light on how emotional responses such as guilt, and psychological concepts like environmental self-identity, change over time. It found that people who were reminded of their actions felt less guilty and more confident in their environmental values - a crucial shift in maintaining consistent behaviour change.